Injection nozzle



Sept. 17,.1946. ,B L' 2,407,915

INJECTION NOZZLE File d Aug. 20, 1942 A TTORNE Y5,

Patented Sept. 17, 1946 INJECTION N OZZLE Thomas M. Ball,

Detroit, Mich,

assignor to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, 'Micln, a

corporation of Delaware Application August 20, 1942, Serial No. 455,401

1 Claim;

This invention relates to an improved nozzle for injecting liquid fuel into an internal combustion engine.

More particularly the invention pertains to improvements in the control and physical state of the fuel stream at the location of final discharge.

One of the main objects of the invention is to provide a combined. valve and fuel whirling memher in a fuel nozzle of this kind which accomodates only a small volume of after flow from the nozzle following the valve closing action at the end of a discharge operation.

A further object of the invention is to provide in the movable valve element of a nozzle of this kind, fuel whirling grooves having an open side which mates with a surface of the stationary nozzle structure when the valve is in open position in order to define a confined channel and which separates from the stationary nozzle structure during closing action of the valve so as to freely accommodate rapid discharge of the small amount of residual fuel occupying the grooves at the instant the valve starts to move toward its closed position.

A further object of the invention is to provide in addition to the foregoing grooves, fuel Whirling passages through the body of the movable valve element for augmenting the fuel discharge when the fuel requirement exceeds the capacity of the grooves.

Another obpect of the invention is to provide fuel whirling passages of this kind which may be relied upon to accommodate flow of the total fuel discharge requirement in the absence of the fuel whirling grooves.

An additional object of the invention is the provision of fuel whirling passages of this kind in a movable valve element of a nozzle which have inlet ends arranged to register with and be closed by a valve seat on a stationary part of the nozzle structure when the valve is closed.

Other objects of the invention are to provide in a fuel nozzle of this kind a movable valve element which is normally spring urged to a closed position against a valve seat and opened against the spring action by the pressure of thefuel during discharge operations, to provide an abutment surface for arresting valve opening movement and which thus relieves the spring of sustaining the full force of the fuel pressure While the valve is held open, and to provide an abutment surface of this kind which serves as the matting surface for the foregoing fuel whirling grooves of the valve element.

A still further object of the invention is the 2 provision of fuel whirling passages in a device of this kind through which fuel may flow when the valve is closed as well as open, in combination fuel whirling grooves through which fuel may flow only after the valve has been moved to its open position by fuel pressure which results from a supply of fuel to the constantly open passages in excess of their capacity.

Au illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. l is a vertical sectional View of a nozzle embodying the invention and showing the valve member thereof in closed position.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the valve member in open position.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary side elevational view of the movable valve element of the nozzle shown in Fig, 1.

Fig. 5 is an end view showing the valve naernber illustrated in Fig. 4, as viewed from line 5 -5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional View taken on line 5-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. '7 is a view similar to Fig. 2 modification of the invention.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 of the drawing, the improved fuel nozzle includes a tubular casing It having an end wall I I provided with a discharge orifice i2 and an adjacent, inwardly facing conically concaved side i 3. The lower end portion of the cas ing I8 is provided with external threads H! which are adapted to be received in a threaded opening l5 formed in suitable structure iii of an internal combustion engine, such as the intake manifold or cylinder head thereof. Disposed in the interior of the casing it is a valve guide member ll which is provided on its lower extremity ex ternal conical surface l8 that is adapted to mate in liquid sealing relationship with the surface iii of the casing. The valve guide member l! is firmly urged against the end of the casing by a tubular nipple it which engages the upper extremity of the guide and which has a shoulder 25 abutting a corresponding shoulder 22 of 'a fitting member 23 which is threaded in the upper end portion of the casing l9. Formed on the lower end of the guide member I! is a valve seat 24 which faces the conical surface 53 of the casing N3.

A reciprocable' valve member 25 is shiftably mounted in the valve guide member I! and probut showing a vided with a head portion 26. The stem portion of the valve 25 adjacent the head 26 is shiftably guided by splines 25' formed in the valve guide member and between which are located fuel passages 26'. The valve head portion has opposed frusto-conical sides 21 and 28 which are formed to mate with the valve seat 24 and casing surface l3, respectively. Intermediate the side surfaces 21 and 28 is a cylindrical portion 35 which has a close fitting engagement with a cylindrical bore 36 formed at the extreme lower end of'the valve to be closed by the valve seat 24 when the valve member is in its closed position, this member being yieldably urged toward its closed position by a spring 30 which bears between a shoulder 3! on the valve guide member and a spring seat 32 fixed to the upper end of the shiftablelvalve member 25., When the valve is moved by fuel pressure to its open position, shown in Fig. 2, the inlet ends of the passages 29 are uncovered and fluid flows therethrough to the discharge orifice in a whirling course. When the valve is in open position the side 28 thereof engages the surface i3 of the end wall of the casing thus relieving the spring 30 from bottoming up in order to predetermine and limit the open position of the valve. The close fitting relationship of the cylindrical portion 35 of the valve and the cylindrical bore 36 also produces a seal which prevents free flowing of fuel to the outlet l2 when the valve is only slightly open, thereby causing the fuel to flow through the passages 29 during 26 to be provided with both fuel whirling passages 29 and grooves 33, it should be understood that either of these fuel conducting means may be.

employed alone to advantage.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 7 the structure of the fuel nozzle is substantially identical to that shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, and corresponding parts are designated by the same numerals. The valve head portion 26 shown in Fig. '7 however, has fuel whirling passages 29 which are provided with inlet ends that are located above the valve seat 24 of the valve guide member in order to facilitate the flow of fuel from one side of the valve head to the other while the valve is closed as well as while it is open. Since in the operation of a fuel nozzle of this kind charges of liquid fuel are fed to the nozzle under pressure intermittently in accord- .ance with the firing order of the cylinder supplied by the nozzle, the unobstructed passages 29 are always in condition to pass the fuel to the discharge orifice without delay due to valve opening requirements. When the quantity of fuel fed under pressure to the inlet ends of the passages 29 exceeds the capacity of the latter the i valve is opened to accommodate the flow of fue this stage of operation. Since the passages 29 are smaller than the grooves 33, the velocity of the fuel discharge is maintained during initial valve opening operation and until the quantity of fuel flowing past the valve is suflicient to maintain normal discharge velocity through the larger grooves 33, as for example when the valve is fully open.

The whirling passages may alone be relied upon to convey fuel from one side of the valve head portion 2E to the other, or supplementary inclined fuel whirling grooves 33 may be provided in the lower side surface 28 of the valve head portion for augmenting the flow of fuel. When a valve head portion provided with grooves 33 is in open position the contacting engagement between the surfaces 28 and 13 of the valve and easing, respectively, closesthe open sides of the rooves, thus forming fuel passages that are confined on all sides. The inlet ends of the grooves 33 register with the cylindrical wall of the bore 36 of the valve guide member when the valve is closed, thereby obstructing the entrance of fuel into the grooves. As the valve head moves upwardly during valve closing movementthe lower side 28 thereof parts contact with the surface I3 of the casing and that fuel which is contained in the grooves at this instant has an unconfined path to the discharge orifice through which it rapidly flows in place of dribbling therefrom in a manner objectionable to engine operation.

through the grooves 33.

Although but several specific embodiments of the invention are herein shown and described, it will be understood that various changes in the 3 sequence of operations, steps and materials employed may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

A fuel nozzle comprising a hollow body portion provided with a fuel discharge opening communicating with the interior of said body portion, means for supplying fuel to the latter, a recipro cable valve member shiftably mounted in the interior of said body portion having a head part provided with opposed faces, one adjacent and the other remote from said discharge opening and having a cylinder located between said faces,

'a fuel passageway extending through said valve head having an open inlet end located in the face of said head remote from said discharge opening, the face of said head adjacent said discharge opening having a fuel whirling groove therein provided with an open end at the periphery of said cylinder, an abutmentesurface in said body portion engageable in mating relationship by the face of said valve head remote from said discharge opening for closing the open inlet end of said passageway and cutting off the flow of fuel to said discharge outlet when said valve member is closed, a second abutment surface in said body portion engageable in mating relationship with the face of said valve head adjacent said discharge outlet when said Valve member is in open position for closing a side of said fuel whirling groove, and a cylinder wall in said body portion between said abutment surfaces for receiving said cylinder of said valve head and closing the end of said fuel whirling groove, the face of said valve head remote from said outlet being disengageable from said first mentioned abutment face upon initial opening movement of said valve member for accommodatin a preliminary flow of fuel through said passageway. and said cylinder being removed from within said cylinder wall after a predetermined extent of opening movement of said valve member for accommodating a subsequent flow of fuel through said fuel 

